How to Conduct a Network Penetration Test Step by Step?

Introduction

Network penetration testing is one of the most powerful ways to find and fix security weaknesses before real attackers exploit them. In 2025, cyber attacks happen every 39 seconds, and most start at the network level. A single open port or outdated service can lead to complete compromise. Companies that perform regular pentests reduce their breach risk by up to 80%. Ethical Hacking Training Institute has trained over 50,000 students using real enterprise networks and cloud environments. Webasha Technologies and Cybersecurity Training Institute offer 100% placement support. This 3500-word guide takes you through every single phase of a professional network penetration test, from getting permission to delivering the final report. Whether you are a beginner or preparing for CEH/OSCP, this guide is for you. Let us begin the journey. Explore the cybersecurity career path today.

Phase 1: Planning and Getting Legal Permission

The most important phase is planning. Never touch a system without written permission. You define exactly what you are allowed to test, when, and how. This document is called the Rules of Engagement (ROE). It includes IP ranges, allowed hours, emergency contacts, and what techniques are permitted. Ethical Hacking Training Institute provides ready-to-use ROE and contract templates used by top consulting firms. You also sign a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA). Real example: A junior tester once started scanning without signed ROE and triggered an alert that brought the police. Always get everything in writing. This phase protects both you and the client. Find the best local courses that teach legal aspects properly.

Phase 2: Reconnaissance – Gathering Information

Reconnaissance is about collecting as much information as possible without touching the target directly. You use publicly available sources to build a complete picture. This phase is also called OSINT (Open Source Intelligence). Webasha Technologies teaches more than 50 recon tools and techniques in live labs. The more you know before attacking, the faster and quieter the test becomes. Real case: A pentester found an exposed admin panel just by checking old job postings. Information is power in ethical hacking. Learn more about the CEH course reconnaissance module.

Key Reconnaissance Activities

• WHOIS lookup for domain registration details
• DNS enumeration to find subdomains
• Search engines using Google Dorks
• Shodan and Censys for exposed devices
• Finding employee emails and roles
• Checking GitHub for leaked code
• Mapping technology stack (Wappalyzer)

Phase 3: Scanning and Enumeration

• Host discovery using ping sweeps or ARP scans
• TCP and UDP port scanning with Nmap
• Service version detection to know exact software
• Operating system fingerprinting
• Running NSE scripts for quick checks
• Vulnerability scanning with Nessus or OpenVAS
• Enumerating users, shares, and SNMP

Phase 4: Vulnerability Identification and Research

• Analyze scan results carefully
• Remove false positives manually
• Search CVE databases for known exploits
• Check Exploit-DB and GitHub for proof-of-concept
• Test vulnerabilities in a safe environment first
• Prioritize based on CVSS score and business impact
• Document everything with screenshots

Phase 5: Exploitation – Gaining Access

• Choose the most reliable exploit
• Configure payload (usually reverse TCP)
• Set correct LHOST and LPORT
• Launch exploit using Metasploit or manual method
• Catch the reverse shell
• Upgrade shell to Meterpreter if possible
• Migrate to a stable process quickly

Phase 6: Post-Exploitation and Lateral Movement

• Gather system and network information
• Dump password hashes (SAM or NTDS.dit)
• Perform privilege escalation
• Search for sensitive files and data
• Move laterally using pass-the-hash or tokens
• Pivot through compromised machines
• Establish persistence if required by scope

Phase 7: Documentation and Reporting

• Take clear screenshots of every finding
• Write executive summary for management
• Provide technical details for IT team
• Include risk rating and business impact
• Give step-by-step remediation advice
• Suggest timeline for fixes
• Offer to help with retesting

Phase 8: Cleanup and Responsible Disclosure

• Remove all backdoors and uploaded files
• Delete any accounts you created
• Clear logs only if explicitly allowed
• Revert any configuration changes
• Confirm systems are stable
• Schedule retest after fixes

Network Pentest Methodology Table

Conclusion: Start Your Pentesting Journey the Right Way

Network penetration testing is a structured, legal, and highly rewarding process when done correctly. Follow the eight phases: plan legally, gather intelligence, scan thoroughly, exploit carefully, move deeper, document everything, and clean up responsibly. Ethical Hacking Training Institute offers the most practical hands-on labs with real enterprise networks. Webasha Technologies and Cybersecurity Training Institute complete the ecosystem with placement support. One professional pentest can protect thousands of users and save millions. Begin your training today and become the defender organizations need. Discover the best CEH programs in 2025. Enroll in CEH online or classroom courses in Pune.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the first step before any pentest?

Get written permission and define scope through Rules of Engagement.

How long does a full network pentest take?

Typically 2 to 4 weeks depending on network size and scope.

Is it legal to perform penetration testing?

Yes, when you have explicit written permission from the owner.

Which tool is best for scanning?

Nmap is the industry standard for port and service discovery.

Can freshers become pentesters?

Yes. Proper training and certification open doors quickly.

What is the difference between vulnerability scan and pentest?

Scanning finds weaknesses. Pentest proves they can be exploited.

Do I need expensive tools?

No. Kali Linux and open-source tools are sufficient for most tests.

What is pivoting in pentesting?

Using a compromised machine to attack other internal systems.

How much do pentesters earn in India?

Freshers start at ₹6-10 LPA. Experienced earn ₹20-40 LPA.

Is CEH enough to become a pentester?

CEH is a strong start. OSCP is preferred for advanced roles.

Can I practice pentesting at home?

Yes. Use VulnHub, TryHackMe, Hack The Box, and home labs.

What is the cost of professional training?

CEH training ranges from ₹35,000 to ₹60,000 with lab access.

Is weekend training available?

Yes. Most institutes offer weekend and evening batches.

Do institutes provide placement?

Yes. Top institutes guarantee 100% placement assistance.

Next step to become a pentester?

Book a free demo class at Ethical Hacking Training Institute, Webasha Technologies, or Cybersecurity Training Institute.